Flash annealing for perovskite solar cell

Organic-inorganic perovskites have demonstrated an impressive potential for the design of the next generation of solar cells. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently considered for scaling up and commercialization. Many of the lab-scale preparation methods are however difficult to scale up or are environmentally unfriendly. The highest efficient PSCs are currently prepared using the antisolvent method, which utilizes a significant amount of an organic solvent to induce perovskite crystallization within the film. In this work, we demonstrate an antisolvent-free method using Flash Infrared Annealing (FIRA) to prepare methylammonium lead iodide PSCs with a record stabilized power conversion efficiency of 18.3%. With an irradiation time of under 2 seconds (Figure 1), FIRA coats glass and plastic substrates with pinhole-free perovskite films that exhibit micrometer-size crystalline domains. The replacement of the antisolvent method and the larger crystalline domains resulting from flash annealing make FIRA a highly promising method for the scale-up of PSC manufacture. Regarding different applications FIRA enables to improve the manufacturing engineering for thin film synthesis without perovskite thermal degradation.