Electronics and ionics for energy devices

He conducts researches on several aspects of materials and interfaces for energy conversion and storage. Mechanisms at the Nanoscale have fostered cutting age investigations in a wide variety of electrical devices. Organic and molecular functional semiconductors used in thin film transistors, photovoltaic cells and light-emitting diodes exhibit a high degree of charge localization confining relevant operating processes as transport and recombination within the Nanoscale. Interfaces and interlayers of nanometer size at device contacts play a central role in establishing contact energy level alignment and charge transfer injection and extraction in optoelectronic devices and sensors. Nanosize-related phenomena in energy storage materials are a key issue orienting current research in higher capacity and cycling performance of batteries. Also hybrid perovskite materials have appeared recently as highly potential light absorbers with interesting physical properties. This research program focuses on understanding connections between structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic aspects, and electrical behavior and new functionalities of novel materials and interfaces. We are particularly interested in the nano-effects incorporated into complete electrical devices for optoelectronics, photovoltaics, energy storage, and sensoring. Particularly relevant for our research is parameter extraction and mechanism identification inferred from impedance spectroscopy analysis.

Short Biography of Prof. Garcia-Belmonte

Germà Garcia-Belmonte (1964) received his Ph.D. degree at UNED, 1996. He worked (1988-1992) at CIEMAT, Madrid, on experimental and theoretical research in the area of digital processing of nuclear signal. He joined the Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, in 1992 and currently works as a Full Professor of Applied Physics (2010) at the Institute of Advanced Materials. He published 188 papers in research journals, and has 10.000 citations and h-index 50 (WOS). He studied intercalation processes in oxides and polymer films by impedance methods. He follows researches in various areas within the field of Organic Electronics and photovoltaics as electronic mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, and plastic and thin-film solar cells. He is currently conducting researches in the topic of perovskite-based solar cells. Also of interest is the electrochemical kinetics of electrodes for batteries. Device physics using impedance spectroscopy (including modeling and measuring) is his main subject.

Publications

2012

  1. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2012, 100, 185-191.
    Guerrero, A.; Boix, P.P.; Marchesi, L.F.; Ripollés-Sanchis, T.; Pereira, E.C.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.         Oxygen doping-induced photogeneration loss in P3HT:PCBM solar cells.
    Article page: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092702481200013X
  2. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5, 6022-6039.
    Nayak, P.K.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Kahn, A.; Bisquert, J.; Cahen, D.         Photovoltaic Efficiency Limits and Material Disorder.
    Article page: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2012/EE/C2EE03178G

2011

  1. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 520, 2265-2268.
    Boix, P.P.; Ajuria, J.; Etxebarria, I.; Pacios, R.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.         Kinetics of occupancy of defect states in poly(3-hexylthiophene):fullerene solar cells.
    Article page: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040609011016920
  2. Advanced Energy Materials, 2011, 1, 1073-1078.
    Boix, P.P.; Guerrero, A.; Marchesi, L.F.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Current-Voltage Characteristics of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Connection Between Light and Dark Curves.
    Article page: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201100334/abstract;jsessionid=2BA1457A196E5C10C2BA83050D2AF6EC.d01t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+8+Oct+from+10-14+BST+for+monthly+maintenance
  3. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115, 15075-15080.
    Boix, P.P.; Wienk, M.M.; Janssen, R.A.J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.         Open-Circuit Voltage Limitation in Low-Bandgap Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymer Solar Cells Processed from Different Solvents.
    Article page: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp203279f
  4. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2011, 2, 1950-1964.
    Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.         On Voltage, Photovoltage and Photocurrent in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells.
    Article page: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jz2004864
  5. Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, 115, 15075-15080.
    Boix, P.P.; Ajuria, J.; Pacios, R.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.         Carrier recombination losses in inverted polymer: Fullerene solar cells with ZnO hole-blocking layer from transient photovoltage and impedance spectroscopy techniques.
    Article page: http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3561437
  6. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011, 13, 9083-9118 .
    Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Mora-Seró, I.; Bisquert, J.         Characterization of nanostructured hybrid and organic solar cells by impedance spectroscopy.
    Article page: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2011/CP/C0CP02249G
  7. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2011, 95, 2131-2135.
    Thakur, A.K.; Wantz, G.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Hirsch, L.         Temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage and recombination processes in polymer?fullerene based solar cells.
    Article page: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V51-52G7HRS-1&_user=1595635&_coverDate=03%2F26%2F2011&_alid=1699079997&_rdoc=9&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5773&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=405&_acct=C000053
  8. Advanced Functional Materials, 2011, 21, 1581-1586.
    Lenes, M.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Tordera, D.; Pertegás, A.; Bisquert, J.; Bolink, H.J.         Operating Modes of Sandwiched Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells.
    Article page: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201002587/abstract
  9. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2011, 2, 407-411.
    Boix, P.P.; Ajuria, J.; Etxebarria, I.; Pacios, R.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Role of ZnO Electron-Selective Layers in Regular and Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells.
    Article page: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jz200045x

2010

  1. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2010,
    Barea, E.M.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Sommer, M.; Huettner, S.; Bolink, H.J.; Thelakkat, M.         Temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells from generation?recombination kinetic balance.
    Article page:
  2. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2010, 17, 1164-1170.
    Henn, F.; Devautour-Vinot, S.; Giuntini, J.C.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Varsamis, C.Platon E.; Kamitsos, E.I.         Analysis of AC Permittivity Response Measured in an Ionic Glass: a Comparison between Iso and Non-iso Thermal Conditions.
    Article page:
  3. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2010, 1, 2566-2571.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Boix, P.P.; Bisquert, J.; Lenes, M.; Bolink, H.J.; La Rosa, A.; Filippone, S.; Martín, N.         Influence of the Intermediate Density-of-States Occupancy on Open-circuit voltage of bulk heterojunction solar cells with different fullerene acceptors.
    Article page:
  4. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 96, 113301.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Open-circuit voltage limit caused by recombination through tail states in bulk heterojunction polymer-fullerene solar cells.
    Article page: http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/96/113301
  5. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2010, 94, 366-375.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Boix, P.P.; Bisquert, J.; Sessolo, M.; Bolink, H.J.         Simulataneous determination of carrier lifetime and electron density-of-states in P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells under illumination by impedance spectroscopy.
    Article page: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024809003705
  6. Thin Solid Films, 2010,
    Barea, E.M.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Sommer, M.; Huettner, S.; Bolink, H.J.; Thelakkat, M.         Determination of charge carrier mobility of hole transporting polytriarylamine-based diodes.
    Article page:

2009

  1. Energy & Environmental Science, 2009, 2, 678-686.
    Mora-Seró, I.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Boix, P.P.; Vázquez, M.A.; Bisquert, J.         Impedance spectroscopy characterisation of highly efficient silicon solar cells under different light illumination intensities.
    Article page:
  2. Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 106, 44507.
    Proskuryakov, Y.; Durose, K.; Turkestani, M.K.Al; Mora-Seró, I.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Bisquert, J.; Barrioz, V.; Lamb, D.; Irvine, S.J.C.; Jones, E.W.         Impedance Spectroscopy of Thin-Film CdTe/CdS Solar Cells Under Varied Illumination.
    Article page: http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3204484
  3. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95, 233302-1, 233302-3.
    Boix, P.P.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Muñecas, U.; Neophytou, M.; Waldauf, C.; Pacios, R.         Determination of gap defect states in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells from capacitance measurements.
    Article page: http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3270105
  4. Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 55, 6123-6127.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Vakarin, E.V.; Bisquert, J.; Badiali, J.P.         Doping-induced broadening of the hole density of states in conducting polymers.
    Article page: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468609010731?via%3Dihub
  5. ChemSusChem, 2009, 2, 314-320.
    Moehl, T.; Kytin, V.G.; Bisquert, J.; Kunst, M.; Bolink, H.J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.         Relaxation of photogenerated carriers in P3HT:PCBM organic blends.
    Article page:
  6. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113, 17278-17290.
    Bisquert, J.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Mora-Seró, I.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Giménez, S.         Feature Article: Electron lifetime in dye-sensitized solar cells: theory and interpretation of measurements .
    Article page: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp9037649
  7. Organic Electronics, 2009, 10, 305-312.
    Montero, J.Maria; Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Barea, E.M.; Bolink, H.J.         Trap-limited mobility in space-charge-limited current in organic layers.
    Article page:
  8. Synthetic Metals, 2009, 159, 480-486.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Bueno, P.R.; Graeff, C.F.O.; Castro, F.A.         Kinetics of interface state-limited hole injection in alpha-naphthylphenylbiphenyl diamine (alpha-NPD) thin layers.
    Article page:
  9. Current Applied Physics, 2009, 9, 414-416.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Montero, J.Maria; Ayyad-Limonge, Y.; Barea, E.M.; Bisquert, J.; Bolink, H.J.         Perimeter leakage current in organic light-emmiting diodes.
    Article page:

2008

  1. Proceedings of SPIE, 2008, 6999, 69992U.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Barea, E.M.; Ayyad-Limonge, Y.; Montero, J.Maria; Bolink, H.J.; Bisquert, J.         Cathode effect on current-voltage characteristics of blue light-emitting diodes based on a polyspirofluorene.
    Article page:
  2. ublic. Universitat Jaume I ISBN 978-84-8021-649-4, 2008, 1.
    Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.         Sensor d'Humitat de la terra per a control del reg.
    Article page:
  3. Journal Non-Crystalline Solids, 2008, 354, 3443-3450.
    Henn, F.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Devautour-Vinot, S.; Giuntini, J.C.         Dielectric losses measured in a sodium aluminosilicate glass by using electrical insulating barriers and non-isothermal experimental conditions.
    Article page:
  4. Advanced Functional Materials, 2008, 18, 145-150.
    Bolink, H.J.; Coronado, E.; Repetto, D.; Sessolo, M.; Barea, E.M.; Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Prochazka, J.; Kavan, L.         Inverted solution processable OLEDs using a Metal Oxide as an electron injection contact..
    Article page:
  5. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2008, 614, 49.
    Pomerantz, Z.; Zaban, A.; Ghosh, S.; Lellouche, J.P.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Capacitance, spectroelectrochemistry and conductivity of polarons and bipolarons in a polydicarbazole based conducting polymer .
    Article page:
  6. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2008, 361, 684.
    Bisquert, J.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Mora-Seró, I.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Barea, E.M.; Palomares, E.         A review of recent results on electrochemical determination of the density of electronic states of nanostructured metal-oxide semiconductors and organic hole conductors.
    Article page:
  7. Chemical Physics Letters, 2008, 465, 57-62.
    Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Munar, A.; Sessolo, M.; Soriano, A.; Bolink, H.J.         Band unpinning and photovoltaic model for P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunctions under illumination.
    Article page:
  8. Organic Electronics, 2008, 9, 847-851.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Munar, A.; Barea, E.M.; Bisquert, J.; Ugarte, I.; Pacios, R.         Charge carrier mobility and lifetime of organic bulk heterojunctions analyzed by impedance spectroscopy.
    Article page:
  9. Chemical Physics Letters, 2008, 455, 242-248.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Bueno, P.R.; Graeff, C.F.O.         Impedance of carrier injection at the metal-organic interface mediated by surface states in electron-only tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) thin layers.
    Article page:
  10. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2008, 92, 505-509.
    Mora-Seró, I.; Luo, Y.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Muñoz, D.; Voz, C.; Puigdollers, J.; Alcubilla, R.         Recombination rates in heterojunction silicon solar cells analyzed by impedance spectroscopy at forward bias and under illumination.
    Article page:

2007

  1. Physical Review B, 2007, 75, 85316.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bolink, H.J.; Bisquert, J.         Capacitance-voltage characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes varying the cathode metal: Implications for interfacial states.
    Article page:
  2. Physica Status Solidi (a), 2007, 204, 2402-2410.
    Montero, J.Maria; Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bolink, H.J.; Barea, E.M.         Interpretation of capacitance spectra and transit times of single carrier space-charge limited transport in organic layers with field-dependent mobility.
    Article page:
  3. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2007, 11, 647-653.
    Abayev, I.; Zaban, A.; Kytin, V.G.; Danilin, A.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Properties of the electronic density of states in TiO2 nanoparticles surrounded with aqueous electrolyte.
    Article page:
  4. Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 52, 6841-6847.
    Pomerantz, Z.; Zaban, A.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Joseph, A.; Lellouche, J.P.; Bisquert, J.         The effect of ion-polymer binding on ionic diffusion in dicarbazole-based conducting polymers.
    Article page:
  5. Journal of Applied Physics, 2007, 101, 114506.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Montero, J.Maria; Barea, E.M.; Bisquert, J.; Bolink, H.J.         Millisecond exciton dynamics in poly(phenylenevinylene)-based light-emitting diodes analyzed by transient electroluminescence.
    Article page:

2006

  1. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2006, 8, 1827-1833.
    Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Randriamahazaka, H.; Zaban, A.; Garcia-Cañadas, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Chemical capacitance of nanoporous- nanocrystalline TiO2 in a room temperature ionic liquid.
    Article page:
  2. Physical Review B, 2006, 73, 45407.
    Dittrich, T.; Mora-Seró, I.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Temperature dependent normal and anomalous electron diffusion in porous TiO2 studied by transient surface photovoltages.
    Article page:
  3. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2006, 182, 280-287.
    Mora-Seró, I.; Anta, J.A.; Dittrich, T.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.         Continuous Time Random Walk simulation of short-rangeelectron transport in TiO2 layers compared with transient surface photovoltage measurements.
    Article page:
  4. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 514, 254-257.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Garcia-Cañadas, J.; Voz, C.; Puigdollers, J.; Alcubilla, R.         Effect of buffer layer on minority carrier lifetime and series resistance of bifacial heterojunction silicon solar cells analyzed by impedance spectroscopy.
    Article page:
  5. Nano Letters, 2006, 6, 640-650.
    Mora-Seró, I.; Bisquert, J.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Zoppi, G.; Durose, K.; Proskuryakov, Y.; Oja, I.; Belaidi, A.; Dittrich, T.; Tena-Zaera, R.; Katty, A.; Levy-Clement, C.; Barrioz, V.; Irvine, S.J.C.         Implications of the negative capacitance observed at forward bias in nanocomposite and polycrystalline solar cells.
    Article page:
  6. Chemical Physics Letters, 2006, 422, 184-191.
    Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Pitarch, Á.; Bolink, H.J.         Negative capacitance caused by electron injection through interfacial states in organic light-emitting diodes.
    Article page:
  7. Proceedings SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, 2006, 6192, 619210.
    Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Montero, J.Maria; Bolink, H.J.         Charge injection in organic light emitting diodes governed by interfacial states.
    Article page:
  8. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 110, 4514-4518.
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Garcia-Cañadas, J.; Bisquert, J.         Correlation between volume change and cell voltage variation with composition for lithium intercalated amorphous films.
    Article page:
  9. Chemical Physics, 2006, 330, 113-117 .
    Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Henn, F.; Bisquert, J.         Dielectric relaxation strength in ion conducting glasses caused by cluster polarization.
    Article page:
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